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Domestic cattle as a non‐conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus
Author(s) -
SMITH P. F.,
HOWERTH E. W.,
CARTER D.,
GRAY E. W.,
NOBLET R.,
SMOLIGA G.,
RODRIGUEZ L. L.,
MEAD D. G.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
medical and veterinary entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.028
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1365-2915
pISSN - 0269-283X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00932.x
Subject(s) - biology , vesicular stomatitis virus , vesicular stomatitis , host (biology) , black fly , transmission (telecommunications) , virus , horizontal transmission , inoculation , vesicular stomatitis indiana virus , simulium , virology , zoology , veterinary medicine , ecology , larva , immunology , medicine , electrical engineering , engineering
The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead‐end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV‐infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co‐feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV‐infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co‐feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post‐infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.