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Comparative efficacy of maropitant and selected drugs in preventing emesis induced by centrally or peripherally acting emetogens in dogs
Author(s) -
SEDLACEK H. S.,
RAMSEY D. S.,
BOUCHER J. F.,
EAGLESON J. S.,
CONDER G. A.,
CLEMENCE R. G.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00991.x
Subject(s) - metoclopramide , ondansetron , medicine , vomiting , antiemetic , anesthesia , chlorpromazine , apomorphine , pharmacology , dopamine , dopaminergic
Maropitant (Cerenia ™ ; a novel, selective neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist), chlorpromazine, metoclopramide and ondansetron were compared in two randomized, placebo‐controlled studies for efficacy in preventing emesis induced by emetogens acting centrally (apomorphine; Study 1) or peripherally (syrup of ipecac; Study 2) in dogs. In each study, ten male and ten female beagles were treated in a five‐treatment, five‐period crossover design. The five treatments were 0.9% saline (0.1 mL/kg), maropitant (1 mg/kg), metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine (0.5 mg/kg) all administered subcutaneously, or ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously. One hour posttreatment dogs were challenged with apomorphine at 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (Study 1) or syrup of ipecac at 0.5 mL/kg orally (Study 2). Following emetogen challenge, dogs were observed for 30 min (Study 1) or 1 h (Study 2) for emesis. No clinical signs, other than those related to emesis, were observed. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced centrally by apomorphine was not different ( P > 0.05) from metoclopramide or chlorpromazine but was superior ( P < 0.0001) to ondansetron. Efficacy of maropitant in preventing emesis induced by syrup of ipecac was not different ( P > 0.05) from ondansetron but was superior ( P ≤ 0.0102) to metoclopramide or chlorpromazine. Maropitant was effective ( P < 0.0001 relative to control) in preventing vomiting caused by stimulation of either central or peripheral emetic pathways, whereas the other drugs examined prevented vomiting caused by central (metoclopramide and chlorpromazine; P < 0.0001) or peripheral (ondansetron; P < 0.0001) stimulation but not both.