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Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of difloxacin after intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration to lactating goats
Author(s) -
MARÍN P.,
ESCUDERO E.,
FERNÁNDEZVARÓN E.,
CÁRCELES C. M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00818.x
Subject(s) - pharmacokinetics , volume of distribution , chemistry , bioavailability , zoology , chromatography , dosing , pharmacology , medicine , biology
The single‐dose disposition kinetics of difloxacin were determined in clinically normal lactating goats ( n = 6) after intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 5 mg/kg. Difloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration–time data were analysed by compartmental and noncompartmental kinetic methods. Steady‐state volume of distribution ( V ss ) and total body clearance ( Cl ) of difloxacin after i.v. administration were estimated to be 1.16 ± 0.26 L/kg and 0.32 ± 0.05 L/h·kg respectively. Following s.c. and i.m. administration difloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 1.33 ± 0.25 and 1.97 ± 0.40 mg/L at 3.37 ± 0.36 and 1.79 ± 1.14 h respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after s.c. and i.m. routes were 90.16 ± 11.99% and 106.79 ± 13.95% respectively. Difloxacin penetration from the blood into the milk was extensive and rapid, and the drug was detected for 36 h after i.v. and s.c. dosing, and for 72 h after i.m. administration.