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Percutaneous absorption of topical parathion through porcine skin: in vitro studies on the effect of environmental perturbations
Author(s) -
CHANG S.K.,
BROWNIE C.,
RIVIERE J. E.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00274.x
Subject(s) - parathion , chemistry , pesticide , absorption (acoustics) , penetration (warfare) , toxicology , zoology , in vitro , biochemistry , biology , materials science , agronomy , mathematics , operations research , composite material
Topical use of pesticides in domestic animals such as swine is a common practice: however, the effect of environmental factors on the extent of absorption has not received attention. Since no single factor can exert its effects alone in the natural environment, the interaction of environmental factors on the percutaneous absorption of pesticides must be understood before potential toxicity of dermal absorption of pesticides can be effectively estimated. In the present studies, the effects of air temperature ( Ta) , perfusate temperature (Tp), perfusate flow (F) and relative humidity (%RH) on absorption of parathion were studied in vitro in porcine skin. Parathion absorption was determined by measuring radiolabel appearing in the perfusate over time. Three main environmental parameters were found to have a significant effect on parathion penetration. Increasing T, from 37'C to 42 o C %RH from 60% to 90% or F from 4 ml/h to 8 ml/h each produced a significant increase in penetration. The following significantly positive two‐way interactions among test parameters were seen: T, x F and %RH x F at the 4 μg dose, % RH × F at the 40 μg dose and T, × %RH, T, x F and %RH × F at the 400 μg dose. There were no three‐way interactions at any of the three doses tested. These results suggest that the factors tested are not independent variables and must be considered interactive when used in assessing pesticide percutaneous absorption.