Premium
The effect of age and diet on sulfadiazine/trimethoprim disposition following oral and subcutaneous administration to calves
Author(s) -
SHOAF S. E.,
SCHWARK W. S.,
GUARD C. L.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.527
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-2885
pISSN - 0140-7783
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1987.tb00110.x
Subject(s) - sulfadiazine , disposition , trimethoprim , oral administration , administration (probate law) , pharmacology , medicine , antibiotics , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , psychology , social psychology , political science , law
Shoaf, S.E., Schwark, W.S. & Guard, C.L. The effect of age and diet on sulfadiazine/trimethoprim disposition following oral and subcutaneous administration to calves. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 10, 331–345. Thirty milligrams per kilogram of sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP, Trib‐rissen ® ) was given orally and subcutaneously (s.c.) to two groups of male, Hol‐stein calves. One group was fed milk‐replacer throughout the 13‐week period of the study while the second group was weaned onto a chopped grain‐fiber mixture when 5 weeks old. Serum and urine were assayed for concentrations of unchanged drug. Trimethoprim bioavailability, following oral administration at 1, 6 and 12 weeks of age, is higher in milk‐fed calves (non‐ruminants) than in grain‐fiber‐fed calves (ruminants); bioavailability decreases with increasing age in both groups of calves. Serum concentrations above 0.1 μg/ml (the level of sensitivity of the assay) could not be obtained in ruminating calves. The rate of SDZ absorption following oral administration, as determined by the Wagner‐Nelson method, was very slow in all the calves in this study with average half‐life values ranging from 8.2–12.67 h; absorption was slightly faster in ruminating calves. Absorption of SDZ is rate‐limiting and determines the biological half‐life of the drug; SDZ serum concentrations above 2 (μg/ml were maintained in all calves for at least 24 h. Following s.c. administration of Tribrissen ® to 7‐and 13‐week‐old calves, urinary excretion patterns indicated that TMP was slowly released from the injection site; serum concentrations were below 0.1 μg/ml. In contrast, absorption of SDZ was very rapid; values for t max were 1.5–1.8 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters for SDZ were calculated according to a one‐compartment open model; neither diet nor age had a significant effect on SDZ disposition following s.c. injection. Subcutaneous administration of 30 mg/kg Tribrissen ® , b.i.d., may be the best therapeutic regimen; even though measure‐able concentrations of TMP cannot be achieved in the serum following a single s.c. dose, TMP concentrations should accumulate and, because of its sustained release, provide almost continual potentiation of SDZ.