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Phase imaging atomic force microscopy in the characterization of biomaterials
Author(s) -
YE Z.,
ZHAO X.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03282.x
Subject(s) - characterization (materials science) , materials science , phase (matter) , surface finish , atomic force microscopy , surface roughness , microscopy , phase contrast microscopy , nanotechnology , biomedical engineering , optics , composite material , chemistry , medicine , physics , organic chemistry
Summary The phase imaging atomic force microscopy is a powerful tool in surface characterization of the biomaterials, and the resulting phase image is able to detect chemical variation and reveal more detailed surface properties than the morphological image. However, the chemical‐ and morphological‐dependent phase images were still not distinguished well. In order to better understand actual occurring phase images, we examined non‐carious human maxillary incisor, microphase separated polyurethane and self‐assembling peptide nanofibres. We herein reported that phase image mainly plotted the morphological change: the phase peak corresponding to the morphological valley, and the morphological peak to the phase valley, and exhibited fine surface structures of materials. The chemical‐dependent phase contrast was generally masked by their inherent roughness. For the sample being very rough and having great phase separation, its chemical‐dependent phase contrast could be detected at the hard tapping mode (‘Amp. Ref. “set point ratio”’: −0.4 to −0.8), for the sample with medium roughness only at the light tapping mode (‘Amp. Ref.’: −0.1 to −0.4). These results will help us understand and determine actual occurring phase images of natural or fabricated biomaterials, even, other materials.