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Volume fraction measurement of dispersoids in a thin foil by parallel energy‐loss spectroscopy: development and assessment of the technique
Author(s) -
BOTTON G. A.,
L'ESPÉRANCE G.,
GALLERNEAULT C. E.,
BALL M. D.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1995.tb03681.x
Subject(s) - inelastic mean free path , volume fraction , foil method , volume (thermodynamics) , materials science , spectroscopy , fraction (chemistry) , mean free path , stereology , aluminium , analytical chemistry (journal) , optics , chemistry , composite material , physics , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , chromatography , quantum mechanics , scattering , medicine
SUMMARY A method to determine the volume fraction of a dispersoid phase based on measurements carried out on thin foils is presented. The method involves the reconstruction of the shape and volume, by electron energy‐loss spectroscopy thickness measurements, of the analysed foil and the determination of the volume of the dispersoids using more conventional electron microscopy imaging techniques. Hence the technique does not require the use of stereology theorems. The procedure to measure the total inelastic mean free path and the linearity of its measurement for thicknesses ( t ) relative to the mean free path ( t /λ) up to t /λ ∼ 4 is described. A method allowing the conversion of one single experimental λ‐value to various collection conditions either graphically or by parameterization is also outlined. Various imaging methods (CTEM, STEM and chemical mapping) were evaluated for their ability to retrieve the distribution of dispersoids and thus their volume. Artefacts of the technique and of the sample preparation method are also discussed. The possibility of applying such techniques using in‐column and post‐column imaging filters and the limitations of such methods are presented. Although the system has been applied to a relevant metallurgical system in the aluminium industry, it can be used for any other material provided that the values of the mean free path can be obtained.