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The theory of scanning microscopes with Gaussian pupil functions
Author(s) -
Sheppard C. J. R.,
Wilson T.
Publication year - 1978
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1978.tb00128.x
Subject(s) - microscope , optics , 4pi microscope , exit pupil , gaussian , resolution (logic) , microscopy , pupil function , detector , optical microscope , physics , pupil , computer science , artificial intelligence , conventional transmission electron microscope , scanning electron microscope , scanning transmission electron microscopy , quantum mechanics
SUMMARY The theory of imaging in scanning microscopes with lenses, source and detector all having Gaussian pupil function is developed. This assumption is useful as the expressions may be evaluated analytically. It is shown that Type 2 microscopes exhibit superior performance to those of Type 1. Effects of defocus are considered. It is found that defocus can be used in a Type 2 microscope to observe phase information without the limitation in resolution associated with stopping down the collector of a conventional microscope. It is also found that a Type 2 microscope discriminates against light scattered by parts of the object outside of the focal plane, allowing observation of detail within a thick object.