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Dietary determinants of bone mass and fracture risk: a review
Author(s) -
Fehily Ann M.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
journal of human nutrition and dietetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1365-277X
pISSN - 0952-3871
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-277x.1989.tb00033.x
Subject(s) - medicine , calcium , bone mass , nutrient , vitamin d and neurology , body mass index , peak bone mass , endocrinology , physiology , bone density , affect (linguistics) , risk factor , osteoporosis , environmental health , dentistry , linguistics , chemistry , philosophy , organic chemistry
There is considerable controversy concerning the relationships between nutrient intakes and both bone mass and fracture risk. This paper reviews the evidence for each of the dietary variables which have been suggested to be of relevance: calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, protein, dietary fibre, fluoride, caffeine and alcohol. Most surveys have concentrated on calcium intake and other nutrients have been relatively neglected. Peak bone mass appears to be a critical factor in determining bone health in the postmenopausal years, and calcium intake in childhood and adolescence may be an important determinant of peak bone mass. Calcium intake may also affect the rate of bone loss in middle‐aged and elderly subjects. However, further study is required in all these areas. Furthermore, few surveys have investigated the relative contributions of nutrition and other factors to bone loss, but it is likely that oestrogen concentrations and physical activity have a greater effect than diet in both middle‐aged and elderly women.