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Can the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale be used in patients with schizophrenia?
Author(s) -
Allan Richard,
Martin Colin R.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of evaluation in clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.737
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1365-2753
pISSN - 1356-1294
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.00968.x
Subject(s) - schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , depression (economics) , anxiety , psychiatry , scale (ratio) , hospital anxiety and depression scale , psychology , medicine , clinical psychology , economics , macroeconomics , physics , quantum mechanics
Rationale, aims, objectives The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was developed explicitly for use in non‐psychotic populations, yet is routinely used for screening patients with psychotic illness. The utility of the HADS as a screening instrument for use in patients with schizophrenia was investigated. Method Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the HADS to determine its psychometric properties in 100 patients with a primary ICD‐10 diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results Three distinct factors were identified within the HADS. Support was found for the clinical use of the HADS anxiety subscale to assess anxiety in patients with schizophrenia; however, evidence was also found that the HADS depression subscale may not be a unidimensional measure of depression in this clinical group. Conclusions Caution should be used when using the HADS depression subscale in this clinical group. The direction of future research in this area is indicated, in particular comparison of HADS anxiety and depression measures to determine further the validity or otherwise of these subscale domains.