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Shortcomings of the randomized controlled trial: a view from the boondocks
Author(s) -
MD Joseph Herman
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of evaluation in clinical practice
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.737
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1365-2753
pISSN - 1356-1294
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2753.1998.tb00087.x
Subject(s) - randomized controlled trial , harm , intervention (counseling) , gold standard (test) , medicine , modalities , population , intensive care medicine , psychology , psychotherapist , physical therapy , psychiatry , social psychology , surgery , social science , environmental health , sociology
The randomized controlled trial (RCT), despite its well‐known limitations, continues to be regarded as a gold standard in determining whether an intervention does more harm than good. Some recent evidence suggests that it tends to overvalue the modalities it tests. Moreover, the accuracy with which the disorder under consideration is diagnosed can be critical to the performance of a new intervention designed for it. When technological progress allows us to diagnose milder instances, some therapies, possibly useful in dire circumstances, will appear ineffective if most of a trial population is at low risk. Human individuality makes it impossible to duplicate a RCT. As a result, Popper's criterion of falsifrability may not be met and so the carrying out of a large‐scale therapeutic experiment may not be a scientific activity. Finally, it is doubtful whether group probabilities derived from RCTs can be safely applied to individuals. These and other reservations concerning the applicability of the RCT to clinical practice are discussed.