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Bacterial succession during curing process of a skate ( Dipturus batis ) and isolation of novel strains
Author(s) -
Reynisson E.,
Þór Marteinsson V.,
Jónsdóttir R.,
Magnússon S.H.,
Hreggvidsson G.O.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05349.x
Subject(s) - skate , biology , pseudomonas , pseudoalteromonas , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , botany , ecology , 16s ribosomal rna , genetics
Aims To study the succession of cultivated and uncultivated microbes during the traditional curing process of skate. Methods and Results The microbial diversity was evaluated by sequencing 16Sr RNA clone libraries and cultivation in variety of media from skate samples taken periodically during a 9‐day curing process. A p H shift was observed (p H 6·64–9·27) with increasing trimethylamine (2·6 up to 75·6 mg N per 100 g) and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) (from 58·5 to 705·8 mg N per 100 g) but with relatively slow bacterial growth. Uncured skate was dominated by O ceanisphaera and P seudoalteromonas genera but was substituted after curing by P hotobacterium and A liivibrio in the flesh and P seudomonas on the skin. Almost 50% of the clone library is derived from putative undiscovered species. Cultivation and enrichment strategies resulted in isolation of putatively new species belonging to the genera I diomarina , R heinheimera , O ceanisphaera , P rovidencia and P seudomonas . The most abundant genera able to hydrolyse urea to ammonia were O ceanisphaera , P sychrobacter , P seudoalteromonas and isolates within the P seudomonas genus. Conclusions The curing process of skate is controlled and achieved by a dynamic bacterial community where the key players belong to O ceanisphaera , P seudoalteromonas , P hotobacterium , A liivibrio and P seudomonas . Significance and Impact of the Study For the first time, the bacterial population developments in the curing process of skate are presented and demonstrate a reservoir of many yet undiscovered bacterial species.