Instrument translation and initial psychometric evaluation of the C hinese version of the S elf‐ M anagement of T ype 1 D iabetes for A dolescents scale

Aim To translate the validated measure, S elf‐ M anagement of T ype 1 D iabetes in A dolescents, into the M andarin C hinese language and to test the psychometric properties of the C hinese version. Background Although research on self‐management of Type 1 diabetes has been increasing over the past 20 years, few health‐related instruments have been available in the C hinese language for youth with Type 1 diabetes. Design A two‐phase design was used in this study, including instrument translation and psychometric testing. Methods The instrument translation, from October 2008–April 2009, included three steps: forward translation, back translation, and comparison of versions via Translation Validity Index – with multiple rounds, group discussion, and achievement of consensus at each step. Psychometric properties of the C hinese version S chilling's S elf‐ M anagement of T ype 1 D iabetes for A dolescents scale was assessed in a convenience sample of 136 C hinese youth (ages 8–19) with Type 1 diabetes between June 2009–August 2009. Results The internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities indicated generally good consistency and temporal stability of the C hinese version. Evidence of construct validity and criterion‐related validity was obtained via correlations of subscales with established measures of diabetes adherence and quality of life and also with haemoglobin A1c. Results from hypothesis testing also supported construct validity. Conclusion The C hinese version of S elf‐ M anagement of T ype 1 D iabetes for A dolescents scale is sound and will facilitate cross‐cultural studies, while also enabling nurses to monitor and enhance the diabetes self‐management of C hinese youth with Type 1 diabetes.