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Beyond empathy: expanding expressions of caring
Author(s) -
Morse Janice M.,
Bottorff Joan,
Anderson Gwen,
O'Brien Beverley,
Solberg Shirley
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of advanced nursing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.948
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1365-2648
pISSN - 0309-2402
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03677.x
Subject(s) - empathy , psychology , social psychology
In this paper, a model describing nurses’ responses to patients who are suffering is presented. The nurse's level of engagement with the patient is affected by whether the caregiver is focused on him‐/herself or on the sufferer (i.e. embodied with the patient) and whether the caregiver is responding reflexively or with a learned response. Four types of communication patterns are identified: engaged responses (first‐level) are used in a connected relationship; when the nurse responses reflexively and is focused on him‐/herself, the response is reflected; when the caregiver is patient‐focused, a learned response is labelled a professional response; and a self‐focused, learned response is labelled detached. Examples of each type of response are provided.