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Comparison of Nonenzymatic Browning Kinetics in Spray‐dried and Freeze‐dried Carbohydrate‐based Food Model Systems
Author(s) -
Miao S.,
Roos Y.H.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13637.x
Subject(s) - browning , chemistry , differential scanning calorimetry , spray drying , kinetics , arrhenius equation , freeze drying , water activity , maillard reaction , glass transition , amorphous solid , chromatography , analytical chemistry (journal) , activation energy , food science , thermodynamics , crystallography , water content , organic chemistry , polymer , physics , geotechnical engineering , quantum mechanics , engineering
Nonenzymatic browning (NEB) rates of amorphous, carbohydrate‐based, freeze‐dried and spray‐dried food model systems containing L‐lysine and D‐xylose as reactants (5% w/w) were investigated at different temperatures (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C). Samples were exposed to various relative vapor pressure levels (11%, 23%, and 33%) to adjust water contents. Water sorption was determined gravimetrically, and data were modeled using the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller and Guggenheim‐Anderson‐deBoer equations. Glass transition, T g , was observed by differential scanning calorimetry. NEB was followed spectrophotometrically. The surface structures of freeze‐dried and spray‐dried models were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The freeze‐dried samples and the spray‐dried samples showed different surface structures and slight differences in thermal behavior. Crystallization of component sugars in the freeze‐dried samples was slightly more delayed than in spray‐dried samples. The glass transition temperatures in spray‐dried samples were higher than those of the freeze‐dried samples at the same water activity. The temperature dependence of NEB rate in both systems followed the Arrhenius kinetics, but the activation energies were different. Williams‐Landel‐Ferry equation could be used to model the NEB kinetics in the freeze‐dried system, but for the spray‐dried system, negative constant values were not within the allowable range.