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Bioactivity of EndoSequence Root Repair Material and Bioaggregate
Author(s) -
Shokouhinejad N.,
Nekoofar M. H.,
Razmi H.,
Sajadi S.,
Davies T. E.,
Saghiri M. A.,
Gorjestani H.,
Dummer P. M. H.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02083.x
Subject(s) - mineral trioxide aggregate , apatite , materials science , scanning electron microscope , cement , root canal , putty , dental cement , dentistry , mineralogy , nuclear chemistry , composite material , chemistry , adhesive , medicine , layer (electronics) , coating
Aim To evaluate the bioactivity of Bioaggregate ( BA ), EndoSequence Root Repair Material ( ERRM ), and white ProRoot Mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ). Methodology Sixty horizontal root sections with standardized canal spaces were divided randomly into 3 groups ( n = 20) and filled with white ProRoot MTA (groups 1 and 2), BA (groups 3 and 4) or ERRM putty (groups 5 and 6). The specimens of groups 1, 3 and 5 (each of 10) were immersed in phosphate‐buffered saline ( PBS ) for 1 week and those of groups 2, 4 and 6 (each of 10) for 2 months. After the experimental periods, the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) observations. Precipitation of apatite crystals on the surfaces of the cements and/or at the dentine–cement interface was evaluated and analysed elementally by energy dispersive X‐ray ( EDX ) instrument. Results Analysis of specimens revealed various surface morphologies that were dependent on the material and immersion time in PBS . The formation of precipitates was observed on the surfaces of all materials at 1 week, which increased substantially over time. After 2 months, the surface of the cements was changed dramatically and consisted of a substantially greater amount of apatite aggregates. Interfacial layers in some areas of the dentine–cement interface were found only following 2 months of immersion. Precipitates on MTA revealed high peaks of Ca, Si and O after 1 week of immersion; after 2 months, high peaks of Ca, P and O were present. Precipitates on BA and ERRM displayed high Ca, P O peaks after both 1 week and 2 months. Conclusion Exposure of MTA , BA and ERRM to PBS resulted in precipitation of apatite crystalline structures that increased over time. This suggests that the tested materials are bioactive.