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Apatite‐forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA
Author(s) -
Gandolfi M. G.,
Taddei P.,
Tinti A.,
Prati C.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01768.x
Subject(s) - apatite , materials science , calcium hydroxide , environmental scanning electron microscope , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , scanning electron microscope , portlandite , nuclear chemistry , simulated body fluid , chemical engineering , cement , mineralogy , composite material , chemistry , portland cement , engineering
Gandolfi MG, Taddei P, Tinti A, Prati C. Apatite‐forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA. International Endodontic Journal , 43 , 917–929, 2010. Abstract Aim Apatite‐forming ability, considered as an index of bioactivity (bond‐to‐bone ability), was tested on ProRoot MTA cement after immersion in phosphate‐containing solution (DPBS). Methodology Disk samples were prepared and immersed in DPBS for 10 min, 5 h, 1 and 7 days. The cement surface was studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and by environmental scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X‐ray (ESEM‐EDX) analyses. The pH of the storage solution was also investigated. Results Spectroscopic analyses revealed calcium phosphate bands after 5‐h immersion in DPBS. After 1 day, an even coating composed of apatite spherulites (0.1–0.8 micron diameter) was observed by ESEM/EDX. After 7 days, its thickness had increased. Apatite nucleation had already occurred after 5‐h immersion. At this time, the presence of portlandite (i.e. Ca(OH) 2 , calcium hydroxide) on the cement surface was also observed; at longer times, this component was released into the medium, which underwent a remarkable pH increase. Conclusions The study confirms the ability of ProRoot MTA to form a superficial layer of apatite within hours. The excellent bioactivity of ProRoot MTA might provide a significant clinical advantage over the traditional cements used for root‐end or root‐perforation repair.