Premium
Response to alkaline stress by root canal bacteria in biofilms
Author(s) -
Chávez de Paz L. E.,
Bergenholtz G.,
Dahlén G.,
Svensäter G.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
international endodontic journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.988
H-Index - 119
eISSN - 1365-2591
pISSN - 0143-2885
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01226.x
Subject(s) - biofilm , microbiology and biotechnology , streptococcus gordonii , bacteria , fusobacterium nucleatum , enterococcus faecalis , biology , streptococcus oralis , lactobacillus paracasei , lactobacillus , staphylococcus aureus , genetics , porphyromonas gingivalis
Aim To determine whether bacteria isolated from infected root canals survive alkaline shifts better in biofilms than in planktonic cultures. Methodology Clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis , Lactobacillus paracasei , Olsenella uli , Streptococcus anginosus , S. gordonii , S. oralis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in biofilm and planktonic cultures were stressed at pH 10.5 for 4 h, and cell viability determined using the fluorescent staining LIVE/DEAD Bac Light bacterial viability kit. In addition, proteins released into extracellular culture fluids were identified by Western blotting. Results Enterococcus faecalis , L. paracasei , O. uli and S. gordonii survived in high numbers in both planktonic cultures and in biofilms after alkaline challenge. S. anginosus , S. oralis and F. nucleatum showed increased viability in biofilms compared with planktonic cultures. Alkaline exposure caused all planktonic cultures to aggregate into clusters and resulted in a greater extrusion of cellular proteins compared with cells in biofilms. Increased levels of DnaK, HPr and fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase were observed in culture fluids, especially amongst streptococci. Conclusions In general, bacteria isolated from infected roots canals resisted alkaline stress better in biofilms than in planktonic cultures, however, planktonic cells appeared to use aggregation and the extracellular transport of specific proteins as survival mechanisms.