Nonsurgically retreated root filled teeth – radiographic findings after 20–27 years

Aim  To identify periapical changes in nonsurgically retreated root filled teeth 20–27 years after root canal treatment. Methodology  From an original material of 429 roots, retreated by undergraduate students in a teaching clinic, 112 roots in 70 individuals could be evaluated radiographically 20–27 years after treatment. The same roots had been studied 10–17 years earlier. The periapical condition was registered and compared by three observers in two series of intraoral radiographs taken 10–17 and 20–27 years after treatment. A retrospective analysis was performed to gain information about probable endodontic and nonendodontic reasons for extractions of lost roots, by evaluating their periapical status immediately after retreatment and at the 10–17‐year follow‐up. Results  Favourable outcomes were observed in 11 roots that had radiolucencies at the 10–17‐year follow‐up. Eight of these roots had periapical pathosis preoperatively, five of them filled with surplus root filling material. The percentage of cases recorded as normal condition at the final follow‐up was 95.5%, including five cases initially recorded with increased width of the apical periodontal space. Delayed healing as a result of surplus root filling material explained most of the cases with favourable outcome assessed many years after treatment. Twenty‐eight roots were lost because of extraction during the observation period, 17 during the last 10 years. Based on status at previous follow‐ups, endodontic failure seems to represent a minor reason for extraction in the material. Conclusion  Late periapical changes, with more successful cases, were recorded when a 10–17‐year follow‐up after root canal treatment was extended for another 10 years. Persistent asymptomatic periapical radiolucencies, especially those with overfill, should generally not be classified as failures, as many of them will heal after an extended observation period.