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Bacterial signalling overrides cytokine signalling and modifies dendritic cell differentiation
Author(s) -
Davies Julie M.,
Sheil Barbara,
Shanahan Fergus
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.297
H-Index - 133
eISSN - 1365-2567
pISSN - 0019-2805
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03086.x
Subject(s) - biology , cellular differentiation , microbiology and biotechnology , bifidobacterium breve , myeloid , immunology , phenotype , dendritic cell , progenitor cell , monocyte , immune system , bifidobacterium , stem cell , lactobacillus , bacteria , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Summary Heterogeneity of dendritic cells (DC) is evident in the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue and determined, in part, by incompletely understood local environmental factors. Bacterial signalling is likely to be a dominant influence on precursor cells when recruited to the mucosa. We assessed the influence of commensal bacteria on DC differentiation and function. Murine bone marrow progenitors were exposed to Lactobacillus salivarius , Bifidobacterium breve or Bifidobacterium infantis . Differences in cell surface phenotype and function were assessed. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 −/− (MyD88) cells were used to determine the influence of Toll‐like receptor signalling. While bacterial strains varied in impact, there was a consistent dose‐dependent inhibition of DC differentiation with a shift toward a Gr‐1 + CD11b + monocyte‐like phenotype. A single bacterium on a per cell basis (1 : 1) was sufficient to alter cell phenotype. The effect was only evident in early precursors. Enhanced interleukin‐10 production correlated with increased Forkhead box P3 expression and reduced T‐cell proliferation. The bacterial effect on DC differentiation was found to be MyD88‐dependent. Signalling by enteric commensals through pattern recognition receptors on precursor cells alters DC differentiation and results in cells that are phenotypically monocyte‐like and functionally suppressive. This may account for some of the features of mucosal immune tolerance to the microbiota.