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Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours
Author(s) -
Ha Seung Yeon,
Lee Chang Hun,
Chang Hee Kyung,
Chang Sunhee,
Kwon Kun Young,
Lee Eun Hee,
Roh Mee Sook,
Seo Boram
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
histopathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.626
H-Index - 124
eISSN - 1365-2559
pISSN - 0309-0167
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04137.x
Subject(s) - foxm1 , cancer research , biology , immunohistochemistry , kinase , transcription factor , cell cycle , pathology , cell , medicine , gene , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics
Ha S Y, Lee C H, Chang H K, Chang S, Kwon K Y, Lee E H, Roh M S & Seo B
(2012) Histopathology 60, 731–739
Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours Aims: Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumours represent a spectrum of phenotypically distinct entities with different biological behaviours. Difficulties in classifying these tumours are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is essential for the development of various cancers and is a proliferation‐specific transcription factor that regulates transcription of cell cycle genes, including cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 . This study was performed to determine the utility of FoxM1, p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 as immunomarkers for subtyping pulmonary NE tumours. Methods and results: FoxM1, p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 60 pulmonary NE tumours [19 typical carcinoids (TCs), six atypical carcinoids (ACs), 17 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) and 18 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs)]. The frequencies of FoxM1 and p21 waf1/cip1 expression were significantly different between TCs and ACs (each P = 0.009), and those of FoxM1 and p27 kip1 expression were significantly different between LCNECs and SCLCs ( P = 0.012 and P = 0.002, respectively). The combined FoxM1 (−) /p21 waf1/cip1(−) and FoxM1 (+) /p27 kip1(high) phenotypes had the best diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing TCs from ACs, and SCLCs from LCNECs, respectively. Conclusions: FoxM1, p27 kip1 and p21 waf1/cip1 showed distinct immunoreactivity according to histological subtype, which may be of value as an ancillary test in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary NE tumours.