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Laboratory incubations reveal potential responses of soil nitrogen cycling to changes in soil C and N availability in Mojave Desert soils exposed to elevated atmospheric CO 2
Author(s) -
SCHAEFFER SEAN M.,
BILLINGS SHARON A.,
DAVE EVANS R.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
global change biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.146
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1365-2486
pISSN - 1354-1013
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01324.x
Subject(s) - cycling , mineralization (soil science) , nitrogen cycle , nitrification , soil water , environmental chemistry , ecosystem , chemistry , denitrification , agronomy , soil carbon , nitrogen , ecology , biology , history , archaeology , organic chemistry
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has the potential to alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in arid ecosystems through changes in net primary productivity. However, an associated feedback exists because any sustained increases in plant productivity will depend upon the continued availability of soil N. We took soils from under the canopies of major shrubs, grasses, and plant interspaces in a Mojave Desert ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric CO 2 and incubated them in the laboratory with amendments of labile C and N to determine if elevated CO 2 altered the mechanistic controls of soil C and N on microbial N cycling. Net ammonification increased under shrubs exposed to elevated CO 2 , while net nitrification decreased. Elevated CO 2 treatments exhibited greater fluxes of N 2 O–N under Lycium spp., but not other microsites. The proportion of microbial/extractable organic N increased under shrubs exposed to elevated CO 2 . Heterotrophic N 2 ‐fixation and C mineralization increased with C addition, while denitrification enzyme activity and N 2 O–N fluxes increased when C and N were added in combination. Laboratory results demonstrated the potential for elevated CO 2 to affect soil N cycling under shrubs and supports the hypothesis that energy limited microbes may increase net inorganic N cycling rates as the amount of soil‐available C increases under elevated CO 2 . The effect of CO 2 enrichment on N‐cycling processes is mediated by its effect on the plants, particularly shrubs. The potential for elevated atmospheric CO 2 to lead to accumulation of NH 4 + under shrubs and the subsequent volatilization of NH 3 may result in greater losses of N from this system, leading to changes in the form and amount of plant‐available inorganic N. This introduces the potential for a negative feedback mechanism that could act to constrain the degree to which plants can increase productivity in the face of elevated atmospheric CO 2 .