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Monitoring and volumetric estimation of injected CO 2 using 4D seismic, petrophysical data, core measurements and well logging: a case study at Ketzin, Germany
Author(s) -
Ivanova Alexandra,
Kashubin Artem,
Juhojuntti Niklas,
Kummerow Juliane,
Henninges Jan,
Juhlin Christopher,
Lüth Stefan,
Ivandic Monika
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
geophysical prospecting
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.735
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2478
pISSN - 0016-8025
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2012.01045.x
Subject(s) - petrophysics , geology , saturation (graph theory) , seismology , radius , well logging , amplitude , core (optical fiber) , economic geology , seismic survey , aquifer , soil science , mineralogy , geophysics , geotechnical engineering , metamorphic petrology , groundwater , materials science , physics , mathematics , computer security , combinatorics , quantum mechanics , porosity , computer science , composite material , tectonics
More than 50 000 tons of CO 2 have been injected at Ketzin into the Stuttgart Formation, a saline aquifer, at approximately 620 m depth, as of summer 2011. We present here results from the 1 st repeat 3D seismic survey that was performed at the site in autumn 2009, after about 22 000 tons of CO 2 had been injected. We show here that rather complex time‐lapse signatures of this CO 2 can be clearly observed within a radius of about 300 m from the injection well. The highly irregular amplitude response within this radius is attributed to the heterogeneity of the injection reservoir. Time delays to a reflection below the injection level are also observed. Petrophysical measurements on core samples and geophysical logging of CO 2 saturation levels allow an estimate of the total amount of CO 2 visible in the seismic data to be made. These estimates are somewhat lower than the actual amount of CO 2 injected at the time of the survey and they are dependent upon the choice of a number of parameters. In spite of some uncertainty, the close agreement between the amount injected and the amount observed is encouraging for quantitative monitoring of a CO 2 storage site using seismic methods.