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IMAGING CAPABILITY OF CROSS‐HOLE SEISMIC REFLECTION SURVEYS 1
Author(s) -
ROWBOTHAM P. S.,
GOULTY N. R.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
geophysical prospecting
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.735
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1365-2478
pISSN - 0016-8025
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1993.tb00891.x
Subject(s) - geology , borehole , reflection (computer programming) , regional geology , point source , cross section (physics) , point (geometry) , economic geology , field (mathematics) , range (aeronautics) , image quality , seismic migration , vertical seismic profile , seismic wave , quality (philosophy) , optics , image (mathematics) , geometry , seismology , physics , computer science , mathematics , engineering , geotechnical engineering , quantum mechanics , aerospace engineering , artificial intelligence , pure mathematics , tectonics , programming language , metamorphic petrology , telmatology
A bstract In seismic migration, it is important to sample a range of dips around the local structural dip at each image point. Meaningful images are obtained only where this condition holds. For cross‐hole seismic reflection surveys, the distribution of dips sampled at each image point is controlled principally by the survey geometry, including source and receiver array lengths and their element spacings. Using a real data set as an example, we show how survey geometry can limit imaging capability close to the boreholes and even in the middle of the section between the boreholes. At the processing stage, effective removal of direct waves and accurate estimation of the velocity field are essential for optimizing image quality. For migration, we propose a generalized Berryhill (GB) scheme which is based on the Kirchhoff integral and takes into account both the near‐field and far‐field terms. This should improve the ability to image close to source and receiver arrays, provided that the element spacing in the nearby array is small enough.