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Intrinsic and extrinsic negative regulators of nuclear protein transport processes
Author(s) -
Sekimoto Toshihiro,
Yoneda Yoshihiro
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
genes to cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.912
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1365-2443
pISSN - 1356-9597
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2012.01609.x
Subject(s) - nuclear transport , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , nuclear pore , cytoplasm , nuclear export signal , nuclear localization sequence , transport protein , nuclear protein , nucleus , cell nucleus , gene , genetics , transcription factor
The nuclear–cytoplasmic protein transport is a critical process in cellular events. The identification of transport signals (nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal) and their receptors has facilitated our understanding of this expanding field. Nuclear transport must be appropriately regulated to deliver proteins through the nuclear pore when their functions are required in the nucleus, and to export them into the cytoplasm when they are not needed in the nucleus. Altered nuclear transport processes have been observed in stressed cells, which would change gene expressions. Some viruses interfere with nuclear transport in host cells to evade immune defense. Moreover, certain transport factors negatively regulate nuclear protein transport in cells. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear–cytoplasmic trafficking not only provides important information about cellular processes, but also is of use for developing specific inhibitors for transport pathways.