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Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐mediated target identification proved aquaporin 5 is regulated directly by estrogen in the uterus
Author(s) -
Kobayashi Mika,
Takahashi Eri,
Miyagawa Shinichi,
Watanabe Hajime,
Iguchi Taisen
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
genes to cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.912
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1365-2443
pISSN - 1356-9597
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.01009.x
Subject(s) - chromatin immunoprecipitation , biology , estrogen , chromatin , immunoprecipitation , estrogen receptor alpha , microbiology and biotechnology , estrogen receptor , gene , estrogen receptor beta , hormone response element , transcription factor , promoter , gene expression , genetics , cancer , breast cancer
Estrogens play a central role in the reproduction of vertebrates and affect a variety of biological processes. The major target molecules of estrogens are nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), which have been studied extensively at the molecular level. In contrast, our knowledge of the genes that are regulated directly by ERs remains limited, especially at the level of the whole organism rather than cultured cells. In order to identify genes that are regulated directly by ERs in vivo , we used estrogen treated mouse uterus and performed chromatin immunoprecipitation. Sequence analysis of a precipitated DNA fragment enabled alignment with the mouse genomic sequence and revealed that the promoter region of the gene encoding aquaporin 5 ( AQP5 ) was precipitated with antibody against ERα. Quantitative PCR and DNA microarray analyses confirmed that AQP5 is activated soon after administration of estrogen. In addition, the promoter region of AQP5 contained a functional estrogen response element that was activated directly by estrogen. Although several AQP genes are expressed in the uterus, only direct activation of AQP5 could be detected following treatment with estrogen. This chromatin immunopreciptation‐mediated target identification may be applicable to the study of other transcription factor networks.