Premium
Locus control region elements HS2 and HS3 in combination with chromatin boundaries confer high‐level expression of a human β‐globin transgene in a centromeric region
Author(s) -
Kang SungHae Lee,
Levings Padraic P.,
Andersen Felicie,
Laipis Philip J.,
Berns Kenneth I.,
Zori Robert T.,
Bungert Jörg
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
genes to cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.912
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1365-2443
pISSN - 1356-9597
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00788.x
Subject(s) - locus control region , biology , chromatin , locus (genetics) , transgene , hypersensitive site , enhancer , gene , position effect , genetics , globin , gene expression , promoter , regulatory sequence , regulation of gene expression , chia pet , microbiology and biotechnology , chromatin remodeling
Expression constructs are subject to position‐effects in transgenic assays unless they harbour elements that protect them from negative or positive influences exerted by chromatin at the site of integration. Locus control regions (LCRs) and boundary elements are able to protect from position effects by preventing heterochromatization of linked genes. The LCR in the human β‐globin gene locus is located far upstream of the genes and composed of several erythroid specific DNase I hypersensitive (HS) sites. Previous studies demonstrated that the LCR HS sites act synergistically to confer position‐independent and high‐level globin gene expression at different integration sites in transgenic mice. Here we show that LCR HS sites 2 and 3, in combination with boundary elements derived from the chicken β‐globin gene locus, confer high‐level human β‐globin gene expression in different chromosomal integration sites in transgenic mice. Moreover, we found that the construct is accessible to nucleases and highly expressed when integrated in a centromeric region. These results demonstrate that the combination of enhancer, chromatin opening and boundary activities can establish independent expression units when integrated into chromatin.