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Emerging role of a phosphatonin in mineral homeostasis and its derangements
Author(s) -
Bielesz B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
european journal of clinical investigation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.164
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1365-2362
pISSN - 0014-2972
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01659.x
Subject(s) - fibroblast growth factor 23 , osteomalacia , parathyroid hormone , endocrinology , hypophosphatemia , medicine , secondary hyperparathyroidism , vitamin d and neurology , hypoparathyroidism , chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder , kidney disease , hyperphosphatemia , rickets , bone remodeling , nephrocalcinosis , vitamin d deficiency , bone disease , homeostasis , osteoporosis , kidney , calcium
Background The study of a distinct group of renal phosphate wasting disorders with bone disease which comprise X‐linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) and tumour‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) gave rise to the identification of different hormone‐like peptides, also known as phosphatonins. These factors are responsible for the major disease features that characterize XLH, ADHR and TIO. Recent reports on one of these phosphatonins, fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23), point to a general role of this factor in mineral ion metabolism. Objectives The main focus regards recent evidence implicating FGF‐23 in normal and disordered mineral homeostasis with special emphasis on chronic kidney disease. The interactions of FGF‐23 with phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D are discussed in detail. Summary The FGF‐23 has been shown to increase urinary phosphate excretion, inhibit bone mineralization and suppress 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], the main characteristics that XLH, ADHR and TIO have in common. Apart from its role in these phosphate wasting disorders serum FGF‐23 is elevated in hypoparathyroidism and humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy and responds to altered dietary phosphate and calcium supply in healthy subjects. The FGF‐23 is also variably elevated in chronic kidney disease and associated secondary hyperparathyroidism where it correlates positively with serum phosphate and parathyroid hormone and negatively with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Such relationships, along with data from experimental studies, raise the question of whether FGF‐23 contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease.