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Viruses of grapevine in Syria
Author(s) -
Mslmanieh T.,
Digiaro M.,
Elbeaino T.,
Boscia D.,
Martelli G. P.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
eppo bulletin
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.327
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1365-2338
pISSN - 0250-8052
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.01053.x
Subject(s) - rootstock , biology , virus , virology , inoculation , herbaceous plant , horticulture , veterinary medicine , agronomy , medicine
Surveys for virus and virus‐like diseases were carried out in commercial vineyards and nurseries in seven different Syrian provinces (Aleppo, Dara’a, As Suwayda, Al Qunaytirah, Homs, Hamah, Tartous). Samples were collected at random from 835 individual vines (735 Vitis vinifera and 100 rootstock accessions) for laboratory testing. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) , Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and Grapevine virus A (GVA) were the only viruses recovered by mechanical transmission to herbaceous hosts. Vein necrosis developed in c. 53% of graft‐inoculated 110R indicators and vein mosaic in V. riparia inoculated with material from cv. Corna Alegra. A total of 71% of the ELISA‐tested V. vinifera plants (522 out of 735) were infected by one (14.8%) or more (55.8%) viruses. GVA was the most widespread (54.7%), followed by Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 1 (GLRaV‐1, 47.3%), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV, 29.7%), and Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3, 23.9%). Other economically relevant viruses were scarcer, i.e. Grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2, 9%), GFLV (0.8%) and ArMV (0.1%). The most important Syrian grapevine varieties, i.e. Hellwany, Salty, Balady, and Zeiny, had average infection rates that ranged between 44% and 91%. The highest incidence of infections was observed at Damascus (90%), whereas it ranged between 68% and 79% in the other provinces, except for Hama (36%). Rootstocks were in much better sanitary condition (25% infection). GFkV (22%) was the most common virus, whilst the presence of GLRaV‐3 (3%), GLRaV‐1, and GFLV (1%) was negligible. Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV) was detected in 72.3% of the samples by RT‐PCR. A high percentage of the GRSPaV‐positive vines (80%) induced vein necrosis reactions in 110R, thus confirming the recently established correlation between this virus and vein necrosis.