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Prospects for Improving Pesticide Application in Hungary 1
Author(s) -
HARGITAI F.
Publication year - 1983
Publication title -
eppo bulletin
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.327
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1365-2338
pISSN - 0250-8052
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2338.1983.tb01626.x
Subject(s) - pesticide , hectare , arable land , agriculture , agrochemical , environmental science , agricultural science , agricultural engineering , environmental protection , business , engineering , agronomy , biology , ecology
In Hungarian agriculture, large‐scale farming is characteristic. The average size of State Farms exceeds 7000 ha, while that of the agricultural cooperatives approaches 4000 ha. In general, farms are well mechanized and agrochemical usage is also high. Per hectare of arable land in Hungary, the amount of pesticides applied annually is about 5 kg active ingredient. The application is carried out by 7000 large‐scale ground equipments, 4000 machines for orchard and vineyard treatments, and 115 brigades for aerial application. The selection of both appropriate equipment and mode of application has an important role in achieving adequate biological efficacy at reasonable cost while ensuring energy saving and protection of the environment Now and in the future, great importance must be given to the following:a) widespread use of up‐to‐date equipment for pesticide application; b) nozzle selection in accordance with the purpose to be achieved; c) avoiding or impeding the total depreciation of machinery; d) regular control of the correct adjustment and the general state of equipment and establishment of an adequate servicing system; e) selection of equipment adapted to the pesticide formulation concerned; f) increased use of specific pesticide formulations; g) increased use of additives in order to control surface tension, droplet formation, drift etc.; h) establishment of a balance between use of ground and aerial equipment under given farm conditions; i) improvement of economical aerial application in plant protection; j) development of test methods and equipments to control the standards of application; k) examination of combinations of pesticides and other chemical (e.g. fertilizers).