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Some Thoughts on the Concept of ULD (Ultra Low‐Dosage) Spraying
Author(s) -
Bals E.J.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
eppo bulletin
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.327
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1365-2338
pISSN - 0250-8052
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2338.1971.tb02543.x
Subject(s) - dose , active ingredient , contamination , ingredient , toxicology , computer science , environmental science , materials science , nanotechnology , chemistry , process engineering , biology , food science , engineering , pharmacology , ecology
Applications at ultra‐low dosage and volume with small, uniform and non volatile droplets were developed when it appeared that their effectiveness was based on a redistribution of the active ingredient on the plant tissues originally not covered by the compound. Preference has been given to a droplet size of 70 microns provided by rotating devices. Volumes of 1 to 8 lit./ha. seem sufficient to control fungi and less mobile insects and 0,1 to 1 lit./ha. for mobile insects. However, dosages can still be reduced according to the strict requirements. The drift hazards of non volatile compounds appear to be less than those existing for aqueous preparations. A careful study of the formulations could further reduce the dangers of environmental contamination and it appears that ultra low‐dosage applications merit special attention.