Nest thermoregulation in Vespa simillima, V.tropica and V.analis

. 1. Nest thermoregulation follows a similar pattern in Vespa simillima Smith and V. tropica L. There is a gradual decline in the daily fluctuations of nest temperature to a constant steady state which is maintained during the production of the first sexuals, followed by a sudden loss of stability at the end of the colony cycle. 2. The larvae are not major producers of heat, as they are unable to raise their body temperature by more than 1–2°C above ambient. However, they act as heat reservoirs and providers of food in the form of larval secretions. This feeding may allow workers to raise their body temperature during non‐foraging periods. 3. The adults are capable of raising their body temperature many degrees above ambient and the presence of even one adult, in this case a V.analis F. mother queen, was able to raise the nest temperature. 4. Supplementary carbohydrate food promotes thermogenesis and enhances colony development.