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Endocrine and inflammatory markers as predictors of frailty
Author(s) -
Puts Martine T. E.,
Visser Marjolein,
Twisk Jos W. R.,
Deeg Dorly J. H.,
Lips Paul
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02355.x
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , confounding , prospective cohort study , incidence (geometry) , vitamin d and neurology , c reactive protein , population , cohort , hazard ratio , cohort study , gastroenterology , endocrinology , gerontology , inflammation , physics , environmental health , optics
Summary Objective To examine the association of serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and IGF‐1 with prevalent and incident frailty. Design The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), a prospective cohort study with 3‐yearly measurement cycles. Setting General population‐based sample. Participants The respondents were men and women aged 65 and over, who participated at T 1 (1995/1996, N = 1720) and T 2 (1998/1999, N = 1509). Blood samples were obtained at T 1 ( N = 1271). Measurements The presence of frailty at T 1 and 3‐year incidence of frailty. Frailty is defined as the presence of three out of nine frailty indicators. Results At T 1 , 242 (19·0%) of all respondents were frail. Those who were frail at T 1 had higher CRP and lower 25(OH)D levels. Serum 25(OH)D remained associated with frailty after adjustment for potential confounders with an odd ratios (OR) of 2·60 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1·60–4·21] for 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l and 1·72 (95% CI 1·19–2·47) for 25(OH)D 25–50 nmol/l vs. high levels of 25(OH)D. Of the nonfrail at T 1 , 125 respondents (14·1%) became frail at T 2 . After adjustment, moderately elevated CRP levels (3–10 µg/ml) (OR 1·69, 95% CI 1·09–2·63) and low 25(OH)D (OR 2·04, 95% CI 1·01–4·13) were associated with incident frailty. No consistent associations were observed for IL‐6 and IGF‐1. Conclusion Low 25(OH)D levels were strongly associated with prevalent and incident frailty; moderately elevated levels of CRP were associated with incident frailty.