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Genetic counselling in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms, single‐strand conformation polymorphism and direct detection of two novel mutations in the androgen receptor gene
Author(s) -
Davles Helen R.,
Hughes Leuan A.,
Patterson Mark N.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01895.x
Subject(s) - androgen insensitivity syndrome , androgen receptor , complete androgen insensitivity syndrome , androgen , genetics , endocrinology , trinucleotide repeat expansion , medicine , biology , gene , hormone , prostate cancer , allele , cancer
Summary OBJECTIVE Androgen Insensitivity syndrome Is a disorder of male sexual development which results In varying degrees of undervlrlllzatlon In 46XY Individuals with functional testes. In the most severe form, complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), patients have a normal female appearance. Although CAIS Is not life‐threatening, affected individuals are Infertile and require counselling, gonadectomy, hormone therapy, and sometimes vaginoplasty. Many families therefore request genetic counselling. Defects in the androgen receptor gene account for most if not all cases of CAIS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the polyglutamlne and polyglycine trinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the first exon of the androgen receptor gene for carrier status determination In three CAIS families. In two of these families novel mutations In the androgen receptor gene were subsequently identified which allowed confirmation of carrier status and also a prenatal diagnosis to be made in one family. PATIENTS Three CAIS families were studied. The Index cases all presented with a clinical phenotype typical of CAIS. measurements Family members were typed Initially for the polyglutamlne repeat. In one family this was not Informative and the polyglycine repeat was therefore studied. In this and one further family, the androgen receptor gene was sequenced to Identify the mutation causing the CAIS. RESULTS On the basis of Information from trinucleotide repeat analysis carrier status could be assessed In each family. In one family, evidence for somatic instability of the polyglutamlne repeat was found. In the same family, a novel mutation In the androgen receptor gene, which substituted valine for leucine 881, was identified. Other family members were subsequently typed for the mutation and a prenatal diagnosis was performed. A novel mutation was also identified in a second family substituting the glycine codon at position 371 with a stop codon. Other family members were typed for this mutation. CONCLUSIONS Both the polyglutamlne and polyglycine repeat polymorphisms are useful for the genetic counselling of complete androgen Insensitivity syndrome families. In some cases, however, where the family history is limited, more precise information can be provided only once the androgen receptor mutation causing the complete androgen Insensitivity syndrome has been Identified.