Mannose‐binding lectin deficiency linked to cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and survival in lung transplantation

Summary Despite the use of immunosuppressives mainly influencing T and B cell responses, the prevalence of the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation is high. Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern recognition molecule of complement and an important component of the innate immunity. MBL is associated with rejection, infection and survival in other solid organ transplantations. In this study the relation between functional MBL levels and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations and the development of BOS and survival after lung transplantation was investigated. MBL levels were measured in 85 patients before and in 57 of these patients after lung transplantation. The relation of MBL on survival, CMV reactivation and the development of BOS were investigated with Kaplan–Meier (log‐rank) survival analysis. MBL levels decreased on average by 20% ( P  < 0·001) after transplantation and eventually returned to pretransplant levels. Fourteen of the 85 patients had deficient pretransplant MBL levels and these patients had a tendency towards a better survival compared to those with normal MBL levels ( P  = 0·08). Although no correlation was found between MBL deficiency and the development of BOS, more CMV reactivations occurred in recipients with deficient versus normal levels of MBL ( P  = 0·03). Our results suggest that MBL deficiency is associated with CMV reactivations and a longer overall survival, but not with the development of BOS.