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In vitro diagnosis of T cell‐mediated drug allergy
Author(s) -
Porebski G.,
GschwendZawodniak A.,
Pichler W. J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
clinical and experimental allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.462
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1365-2222
pISSN - 0954-7894
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03701.x
Subject(s) - provocation test , granzyme b , immunology , drug , drug allergy , allergy , medicine , in vitro , in vitro toxicology , t cell , pharmacology , immune system , biology , pathology , biochemistry , alternative medicine
Cite this as: G. Porebski, A. Gschwend‐Zawodniak and W. J. Pichler, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 461–470. Summary Diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity relies on history, skin tests, in vitro tests and provocation tests. In vitro tests are of great interest, due to possible reduction of drug provocation tests. In this review we focus on best investigated in vitro techniques for the diagnosis of T cell‐mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions. As drug hypersensitivity relies on different pathomechanisms and as a single diagnostic test usually does not cover all possible reactions, it is advisable to combine different tests to increase the overall sensitivity. Recently, proliferation‐based assays have been supplemented by a panel of novel in vitro tests including analysis of cytotoxic potential of effector cells (granzyme B, granulysin, CD107a), evaluation of cytokine secretion (IL‐2, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IFN‐γ) and up‐regulation of cell surface activation markers (CD69). We discuss the latest findings and readout systems to identify causative drugs by detecting functional and phenotypic markers of drug‐reacting cells, and their ability to enable a more conclusive diagnosis of drug allergy.