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Immunophenotypic and enzymatic studies do not support the concept of mixed monocytic‐granulocytic differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3): a study of 44 cases
Author(s) -
Scott Colin Stephen,
Patel Divyen,
Drexler Hans G.,
Master Peter S.,
Limbert Howard J.,
Roberts Bryon E.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
british journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.907
H-Index - 186
eISSN - 1365-2141
pISSN - 0007-1048
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb06310.x
Subject(s) - promyelocyte , esterase , staining , monocyte , monocytic leukemia , acute promyelocytic leukemia , cytochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , chemistry , biology , immunology , leukemia , medicine , enzyme , biochemistry , gene , retinoic acid
S ummary . Leukaemic promyelocytes from 30 cases of hypergranular and 14 cases of hypogranular acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3) were analysed for the presence of monocyte‐associated characteristics to determine whether there was any evidence of mixed (hybrid) granulocytic‐monocytic differentiation. Cytochemically, a high proportion of hypergranular cases showed significant alpha‐naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining and simultaneous chloroacetate esterase, ANAE expression by single cells was commonly seen. These atypical staining patterns were, however, not a feature of hypogranular cases. Immunophenotypic studies revealed that most hypergranular M3 cases were HLA‐DR‐and that monocyte‐associated membrane CD14 expression was low in all cases tested. In addition, serum lysozyme concentrations (20 cases) were generally within the normal range and thus inconsistent with monocytic involvement in the leukaemic process. The significance of atypical ANAE staining of leukaemic promyelocytes was further examined by analysing ANAE isoenzyme components (defined by isoelectric focusing) in 11 cases. The patterns obtained (G1 and G2) were identical to those found in normal granulocytes and did not show any evidence of monocyte‐associated esterase isoenzyme expression. On the basis of these findings, it is considered that the differentiation process in acute promyelocytic leukaemia is relatively well conserved and that the atypical esterase cytochemistry of hypergranular promyelocytes does not reflect their mixed lineage nature but is simply a consequence of increased granulation.