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para ‐Phenylenediamine: the profile of an important allergen. Results of the IVDK 1
Author(s) -
Schnuch A.,
Lessmann H.,
Frosch P.J.,
Uter W.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
british journal of dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.304
H-Index - 179
eISSN - 1365-2133
pISSN - 0007-0963
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08644.x
Subject(s) - medicine , epidemiology , library science , dermatology , pathology , computer science
Summary Background para ‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important contact allergen and primarily used in hair dyeing. Objectives To quantify cases of contact allergy (CA) to PPD attributed to sources of exposure. Methods Patients with PPD CA, diagnosed by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; n = 3307 of 83 030 patients tested), were divided into five subgroups of exposure. Demographic variables and pattern of concomitant reactions were used to characterize the subgroups further. The impact of individual factors on the risk of PPD CA was examined with a logistic regression analysis. Clinical epidemiology and drug utilization research (CE‐DUR) methods were employed to estimate the 10‐year prevalence of PPD CA in the general population. Results The 4% prevalence of PPD CA in patients was extrapolated to a prevalence of 0·96% in the general population. The defined profiles were found to ‘explain’ the following percentages of PPD CA: (i) hair dyeing in clients 22% (0·2% of the general population); (ii) different occupational exposures, namely hair dyeing by hairdressers, paint‐ and rubber‐associated exposures 23% (0·22% of the general population); (iii) clothing/shoes 12% (0·12% of the general population). A probable causal exposure to PPD could not be identified in about 44% of patients with PPD CA. Conclusions In more than 50% of cases of PPD CA, a (very) probable causal exposure was identified. In the large remainder (44%) this was not possible. ‘Historical’ CA without current relevance and active sensitization through patch testing (a further important exposure to PPD) must be considered in these patients.