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Methods in pharmacology: measurement of cardiac output
Author(s) -
Geerts Bart F.,
Aarts Leon P.,
Jansen Jos R.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
british journal of clinical pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.216
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1365-2125
pISSN - 0306-5251
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03798.x
Subject(s) - cardiac output , medicine , holy grail , fick principle , indicator dilution , pulse wave analysis , biomedical engineering , computer science , pharmacology , cardiology , hemodynamics , pulse wave velocity , blood pressure , world wide web
Many methods of cardiac output measurement have been developed, but the number of methods useful for human pharmacological studies is limited. The ‘holy grail’ for the measurement of cardiac output would be a method that is accurate, precise, operator independent, fast responding, non‐invasive, continuous, easy to use, cheap and safe. This method does not exist today. In this review on cardiac output methods used in pharmacology, the Fick principle, indicator dilution techniques, arterial pulse contour analysis, ultrasound and bio‐impedance are reviewed.