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Reduction in effluent nutrient loads from flow‐through facilities for trout production: a review
Author(s) -
Sindilariu PaulDaniel
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01751.x
Subject(s) - effluent , aquaculture , trout , environmental science , suspended solids , pollution , nutrient , pollutant , environmental engineering , nutrient pollution , sedimentation , sewage treatment , environmental protection , biology , fishery , ecology , wastewater , fish <actinopterygii> , sediment , paleontology
The environmental legislation on waste loadings and the public discussion on environmental issues concerning inland aquaculture facilities have become stronger in recent years. An end of the discussion cannot be foreseen. At the same time, the pollution emitted per ton of fish produced has decreased successively over the last 20 years. In this conflict, this paper provides an overview on: (1) pollutants typical for flow‐through trout aquaculture, (2) their source and potential environmental impacts and (3) strategies to reduce the effluent pollution from flow‐through trout farms, a brief description of their function principles and application and, if possible, their economical feasibility. This study aims to identify the actual effluent problems of flow‐through trout aquaculture and to offer possible solutions by either pollution avoidance or effluent treatment. Future trends and research needs on effluent treatment are outlined. As the amount of nutrients discharged is typically site and operation specific, farm management is most important for avoidance of effluent pollution. Nevertheless, for further production expansion, ‘end of pipe’ technologies are needed to reach adequate effluent qualities. Partial water reuse can improve effluent discharge. Physical, chemical and biological technologies can be used to treat trout farm effluents. Today, the commonly used physical (mechanical) treatments in trout aquaculture like screening and sedimentation only remove suspended solids, containing up to 7–32% of total nitrogen and 30–84% of total phosphorus. The remaining soluble nutrients can only be removed by either the application of chemicals or biological effluent treatments. The possible applications of biological technologies are manifold, but practical and upscale experience is lacking.