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Effects of water‐soluble and fat‐soluble choline sources on the performances of juvenile kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate
Author(s) -
Michael Fady Raafat,
Teshima ShinIchi,
Koshio Shunsuke,
Ishikawa Manabu,
Uyan Orhan,
Alam Md. Shah
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01378.x
Subject(s) - shrimp , biology , zoology , choline , feed conversion ratio , juvenile , weight gain , protein efficiency ratio , choline chloride , factorial experiment , food science , phosphatidylcholine , fishery , biochemistry , body weight , endocrinology , ecology , phospholipid , statistics , mathematics , membrane
The present study was undertaken to clarify the effect and interaction of choline chloride (CC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), the water‐ and fat‐soluble sources of choline, on the performances of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles using as response variables such as percent weight gain (%WG), specific growth rate (SGR), survival (SR%), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), proximate composition, fatty acids profile and free choline and PC contents in the whole body of kuruma shrimp. A 40‐day feeding trial was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial experiment with six test diets containing three levels of CC (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 g kg −1 ) and two levels of soybean PC (SPC; 2 and 4 g kg −1 ). Both of the choline sources (CC and SPC) showed a significant interaction ( P <0.05) regarding all the evaluated response variables except for the proximate and fatty acid contents. Interestingly, there was a positive effect ( P <0.05) of CC observed with increasing its level at the low level of SPC and vice versa. However, the magnitudes of the beneficial effect of CC in terms of the evaluated parameters were changed with the different dietary levels of SPC. Also, the inclusion of higher levels of SPC (4 g kg −1 ) or CC (0.6 and 1.2 g kg −1 ) diminished the effect of the other source.