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The impact of nutritional factors on the immune system in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: a review
Author(s) -
WAAGBØ R.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
aquaculture research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.646
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1365-2109
pISSN - 1355-557X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00573.x
Subject(s) - biology , salmo , immunity , nutrient , immune system , polyunsaturated fatty acid , vitamin , fish <actinopterygii> , essential nutrient , aquaculture , fat soluble vitamin , vitamin e , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , fishery , ecology , fatty acid , antioxidant , biochemistry
Compared to the extensive number of studies in nutritional immunology in humans as well as in livestock, the evaluation of nutritional impact on fish health is in its infancy. The mechanisms by which single nutrient modulate immunity are frequently not understood, even if experiments give some indication of the mode of action. With current knowledge in fish nutrition, the methods and criteria for optimal nutrient recommendations should be reevaluated to include health factors such as immunolgy and disease resistance. By increasing knowledge of the role of different nutrients in the general metabolism and in immunity, and by improving rearing conditions, it may be possible to reduce losses due to diseases by retarding the progress of diseases, improving recovery and improving protection through vaccines. This review covers research on dietary level of carbohydrate, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and vitamin C in salmonids, of which the vitamins have been by far the most studied.