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Modified‐orientation log to assess hepatic encephalopathy
Author(s) -
Salam M.,
Matherly S.,
Farooq I. S.,
Stravitz R. T.,
Sterling R. K.,
Sanyal A. J.,
Gibson D. P.,
Wade J. B.,
Thacker L. R.,
Heuman D. M.,
Fuchs M.,
Puri P.,
Luketic V.,
Bickston S. J.,
Bajaj J. S.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.308
H-Index - 177
eISSN - 1365-2036
pISSN - 0269-2813
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05038.x
Subject(s) - medicine , cirrhosis , hepatic encephalopathy , gastroenterology
Summary Background The subjectivity of the West‐Haven criteria ( WHC ) hinders hepatic encephalopathy ( HE ) evaluation. The new HE classification has emphasised assessment of orientation. The modified‐orientation log ( MO ‐log, eight questions, scores 0–24; 24 normal) is adapted from a validated brain injury measure. Aim To validate MO‐log for HE assessment in cirrhosis. Methods Cirrhotics admitted with/without HE were administered MO ‐log. We collected cirrhosis/ HE details, admission/daily MO ‐logs and WHC (performed by different examiners), time to reach normal mentation ( MO ‐log ≥23) and MO ‐log/ WHC change (Δ) over day 1. Outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, duration to normal mentation and length‐of‐stay ( LOS ). Regressions were performed for each outcome. MO ‐log inter‐rater reliability was measured. Results Ninety‐six HE (55 ± 8 years, MELD 21) and 20 non‐ HE (54 ± 5 years, MELD 19) in‐patients were included. In HE patients, median admission WHC was 3 (range 1–4). Mean MO ‐log was 12 ± 8 (range 0–22). Their LOS was 6 ± 5 days and 13% died. Time to reach normal mentation was 2.4 ± 1.7 days. Concurrent validity: there was a significant negative correlation between admission MO ‐log and WHC (r = −0.79, P < 0.0001). Discriminant validity: admission MO ‐logs were significantly lower in those who died (7 vs. 12, P = 0.03) and higher in those admitted without HE (23.6 vs. 12, P < 0.0001). MO ‐log improved in 69% on day 1 (Δ MO ‐log 4 ± 8) which was associated with lower duration to normal mentation (2 vs. 3.5 days, P = 0.03) and mortality (3% vs.43%, P < 0.0001), not Δ WHC . Regression models for all outcomes included admission/Δ MO ‐log but not WHC as a predictor. Inter‐rater reliability: ICC for MO ‐log inter‐rater observations was 0.991. Conclusions Modified‐orientation log is a valid tool for assessing severity and is better than West‐Haven criteria in predicting outcomes in hospitalised hepatic encephalopathy patients.