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Black rhinoceros( Diceros bicornis L.)sub‐population on the Serengeti Plains, Tanzania *
Author(s) -
FRAME G. W.
Publication year - 1980
Publication title -
african journal of ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.499
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1365-2028
pISSN - 0141-6707
DOI - 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1980.tb00639.x
Subject(s) - geography , national park , woodland , rhinoceros , sex ratio , poaching , tanzania , forestry , population , ecology , demography , biology , wildlife , archaeology , environmental planning , sociology
Summary Black rhinoceroses on the Serengeti Plains were surveyed from February 1974 through January 1978. Sex and age composition of the sixty‐seven individuals identified was 30% adult males, 36% adult females and 34% immatures and calves. Social groupings were described for 140 sightings (237 rhinos), of which 38% were lone males. The sex ratio was 1:1 for all age classes combined. Of the adult females, 79% had calves. Two observed calving intervals were approximately 3‐3 years. The ratio of adult females to young is not significantly different from ratios reported elsewhere in East Africa. Rhinos did not use the short grasslands of the Serengeti Plains. In the medium grasslands they used mainly the drainage lines where there was food and water, but only minimal cover. Most rhinos on the plains were found along the woodland edge. Near the Seronera River, on the edge of the plains, there was a density of one rhino per 19 km 2 . Home ranges varied from 43 to 133 km 2 , with much overlapping. Some male, female, and male‐female dyads shared the same home ranges. An estimated 700 black rhinos live within the 12 920 km 2 Serengeti National Park. Management for black rhinos in the park requires primarily that woodlands and abundant watering places be maintained and that poaching be minimized. Résumé Les rhinocéros noirs des plaines du Serengeti furent surveillés de février 1974 jusque janvier 1978. La distribution par sexe et par âge des soixante‐sept individus identifiés fut de 30% de mâles, 36%, de femelles adultes et 34% d'immatnres et de jeunes. Les groupements sociaux furent décrits à partir de 140 observations (237 rhinos), dont 38%étaient des mâles solitaires. Toutes classes d'âge combinées, le sex‐ratio était de 1/1. 79% des femelles adultes étaient suitées. Deux observations donnent un intervalle de 3,3 ans entre deux naissances. La proportion femelles adultes/jeunes n'est pas significativement différente de celles décrites ailleurs en Afrique de 1'Est. Les rhinos n'utilisent pas les pâturages ras des plaines du Serengeti. Dans les páTturages moyens, ils fréquentent surtout les sillons d'écoulement où ils trouvent nourriture et eau mais peu d'abri. La plupart des rhinos des plaines se trouvent en lisière forestiere. Prks de la rivière Seronera, en bordure des plaines, il y a une densité de I rhino par 19 km 2 . Les domaines vitaux varient de 43 à 133 km 2 avec beaucoup de

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