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The acute effects of physical activity on cigarette cravings: systematic review and meta‐analysis with individual participant data
Author(s) -
Haasova Marcela,
Warren Fiona C.,
Ussher Michael,
Janse Van Rensburg Kate,
Faulkner Guy,
Cropley Mark,
ByronDaniel James,
EversonHock Emma S.,
Oh Hwajung,
Taylor Adrian H.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0965-2140
DOI - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04034.x
Subject(s) - meta analysis , confidence interval , strictly standardized mean difference , smoking cessation , random effects model , medicine , systematic review , randomized controlled trial , physical therapy , psychology , medline , pathology , political science , law
Aims To conduct an updated systematic review and the first meta‐analysis of experimental trials investigating the acute effects of short bouts of physical activity ( PA ) on s trength of d esire ( SoD ) and desire to smoke ( DtS ) using individual participant data ( IPD ). Methods A systematic review of literature and IPD meta‐analyses included trials assessing the acute effects of shorts bouts of PA on SoD and DtS among temporarily abstaining smokers not using pharmaceutical aids for smoking cessation. Authors of eligible studies were contacted and raw IPD were obtained. Two‐stage and one‐stage IPD random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted. Participants engaging in PA were compared against control participants, using post‐intervention SoD and DtS with baseline adjustments. Results A two‐stage IPD meta‐analysis assessing effects of PA on SoD yielded an average standardized mean difference ( SMD ) between PA and control conditions (across 15 primary studies) of −1.91 [95% confidence interval ( CI) : −2.59 to −1.22]. A two‐stage IPD meta‐analysis assessing effects of PA on DtS yielded an average SMD between PA and control conditions (across 17 primary studies) of −2.03 (95% CI : −2.60 to −1.46). Additional meta‐analyses, including those using a one‐stage model, those including only parallel arm studies and meta‐analyses comparing only moderate exercise against a control condition, showed significant craving reduction following PA . Despite a high degree of between‐study heterogeneity, effects sizes of all primary studies were in the same direction, with PA showing a greater reduction in cravings compared with controls. Conclusions There is strong evidence that physical activity acutely reduces cigarette craving.