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The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
Author(s) -
HEATHERTON TODD F.,
KOZLOWSKI LYNN T.,
FRECKER RICHARD C.,
FAGERSTROM KARLOLOV
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
british journal of addiction
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.424
H-Index - 193
eISSN - 1360-0443
pISSN - 0952-0481
DOI - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
Subject(s) - nicotine , nicotine dependence , test (biology) , psychology , rating scale , psychometric testing , clinical psychology , medicine , psychometrics , psychiatry , developmental psychology , internal consistency , paleontology , biology
We examine and refine the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ; Fagerström, 1978). The relation between each FTQ item and biochemical measures of heaviness of smoking was examined in 254 smokers. We found that the nicotine rating item and the inhalation item were unrelated to any of our biochemical measures and these two items were primary contributors to psychometric deficiencies in the FTQ. We also found that a revised scoring of time to the first cigarette of the day (TTF) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) improved the scale. We present a revision of the FTQ: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).