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Toll‐Like Receptor 3: A Link between Toll‐Like Receptor, Interferon and Viruses
Author(s) -
Matsumoto Misako,
Funami Kenji,
Oshiumi Hiroyuki,
Seya Tsukasa
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03500.x
Subject(s) - biology , tlr3 , interferon , toll like receptor , immune system , interferon regulatory factors , interferon type i , rna silencing , receptor , signal transduction , viral replication , virus , tlr7 , microbiology and biotechnology , virology , transcription (linguistics) , innate immune system , rna , rna interference , gene , immunology , genetics , linguistics , philosophy
Production of type I interferon (IFN‐α/β) by virus‐infected cells is the central event in their antiviral immune responses. In mammalian cells, IFN‐α/β gene transcription is induced through distinct signaling pathways by viral infection or by treatment with double‐stranded (ds) RNA, which is an intermediate of virus replication. Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) was found to recognize dsRNA and transmit signals to activate NF‐κB and the IFN‐β promoter. Recent identification of the TLR3‐adaptor protein and its downstream signaling molecules, which are involved in IFN‐α/β production, revealed a novel IFN‐inducing pathway for an anti‐viral immune response. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of TLR3‐mediated immune responses.