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Differential Expression and Polarized Secretion of CXC and CC Chemokines by Human Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cell Lines in Response to Clostridium difficile Toxin A
Author(s) -
Kim Jung Mogg,
Kim Joo Sung,
Jung Hyun Chae,
Oh Yukyoung,
Song In Sung,
Kim Chung Yong
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2002.tb02704.x
Subject(s) - clostridium difficile toxin a , chemokine , cxc chemokine receptors , biology , cxcl2 , interleukin 8 , macrophage inflammatory protein , cxcl14 , secretion , microbiology and biotechnology , cytokine , immunology , cxcl10 , inflammation , chemokine receptor , clostridium difficile , endocrinology , antibiotics
Intestinal epithelial cells are the initial sites of host response to Clostridium difficile infection and can play a role in signaling the influx of inflammatory cells. To further explore this role, the regulated expression and polarized secretion of CXC and CC chemokines by human intestinal epithelial cells were investigated. An expression of the CXC chemokines, including IL‐8 and growth‐related oncogene (GRO)‐α, and the CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 from HT‐29 cells increased in the 1–6 hr following C. difficile toxin A stimulation, assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR. In contrast, the expression of neutrophil activating protein‐78 (ENA‐78) was delayed for 18 hr. The up‐regulated mRNA expression of chemokines was paralleled by the increase of protein levels. However, the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted), and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) was not changed in HT‐29 or Caco‐2 cells stimulated with toxin A. Upon stimulation of the polarized Caco‐2 epithelial cells in a transwell chamber with toxin A, CXC and CC chemokines were released predominantly into the basolateral compartment. Moreover, the addition of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α to toxin A stimulated Caco‐2 cells increased the basolateral release of CC chemokine MCP‐1. In contrast, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α had no effect on the expression of the CXC chemokines IL‐8 and GRO‐α. These results suggest that a CXC and CC chemokine expression from epithelial cells infected with C. difficile may be an important factor in the mucosal inflammatory response.