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Protective Immune Responses Induced by a Non‐Pathogenic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) against a Challenge of a Pathogenic SHIV in Monkeys
Author(s) -
Yoshino Naoto,
Ami Yasushi,
Someya Kenji,
Ando Shuji,
Shinohara Katsuaki,
Tashiro Fumio,
Lu Yichen,
Honda Mitsuo
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02507.x
Subject(s) - biology , virology , simian immunodeficiency virus , virus , heterologous , immune system , immunology , gene , biochemistry
A simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)‐NM3n containing the human nef , but not the monkey nef , and vpr genes of SIV was inoculated into two cynomolgus monkeys, resulting in systemic infection with a minimum level of transient virus load. In order to study the nature of immune responses associated with the prevention of a pathogenic SHIV, the SHIV‐NM3n‐inoculated monkeys and three naive monkeys were intravenously challenged with a pathogenic SHIV containing the envelope gene of HIV‐1 89.6. After the heterologous virus challenge, all of the SHIV‐NM3n‐inoculated animals completely avoided the loss of CD4 + T lymphocytes in PBMC as well as lymphoid tissues compared to pathogenic SHIV‐injected control animals. The inhibition of CD4 + cell depletion was associated with maintaining the proliferative response of helper T‐cells against SIV p27 in the previously nonpathogenic virus‐inoculated animals following the pathogenic virus challenge. Furthermore, the decline of CD28 + cells, the increase in CD95 + cells, and the enhancement of in vitro apoptosis in PBMC were inhibited in the non‐pathogenic virus‐inoculated animals. These results suggest that nonpathogenic SHIV‐NM3n infection induces the protection of monkeys from heterologous pathogenic viruses that may be associated with blocking the change in immune responses and the cell loss induced by a pathogenic virus.