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Epidemiological Study on Infectious Diarrheal Diseases in Children in a Coastal Rural Area of Kenya
Author(s) -
Saidi Suleiman M.,
Lijima Yoshio,
Sang William K.,
Mwangudza Anderson K.,
Oundo Joseph O.,
Taga Kenichiro,
Aihara Masanori,
Nagayama Kenichi,
Yamamoto Hiroyuki,
Waiyaki Peter G.,
Honda Takeshi
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
microbiology and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1348-0421
pISSN - 0385-5600
DOI - 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01925.x
Subject(s) - epidemiology , diarrheal diseases , environmental health , diarrheal disease , diarrhea , biology , rural area , medicine , pathology
Diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. We have analyzed the causative agents of diarrhea in children under five years of age who resided in rural environments but attended a hospital in Malindi, a coastal town in Kenya. Bacterial diarrhea was found in 239 (27.7%) of 862 patients with diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli , including enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enterohaemorrhagic strains, was isolated from 119 (13.8%) patients, followed by Salmonella spp. (63 cases, 7.3%) and Shigella spp. (56 cases, 6.5%). Intestinal parasites were found in 109 (12.6%) of the patients. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were found in 67 (7.8%) and 42 (4.9%) of the cases, respectively. Rotavirus was found in 69 (16.1%) of 428 cases, a part of the 862 cases. Significant differences in age distribution were seen in diarrheal cases due to Campylobacter spp., G. lamblia , and rotavirus. No significant seasonal incidence of specific pathogens was found, but the number of diarrheal patients was significantly correlated to rainfall. Drinking water was contaminated with bacteria at concentrations ranging from 10 3 to 10 6 CFU/ml in 98% of the households and by coliform bacteria at concentrations of 10 2 to 10 5 CFU/ml in 72% of the households. These results suggest that the main routes of infection may be contaminated drinking water and fecal‐oral transmission of enteric pathogens. Consequently, we propose that the enhancement of hygienic practice through health education is a feasible control measure of diarrhea in the study area.